I can provide an article about Ethereum: 2-of-3 multisig with Schnorr signatures.
Table of Contents
- [Introduction]
- [Understanding Schnorr Signatures]
- [2/3 Multisignature Scheme on Ethereum]
- [Implementation Details]
Introduction
Ethereum is a decentralized platform that allows the creation and execution of smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with specific rules. One of the most important features of Ethereum is its ability to support multi-signature transactions, where multiple parties can validate and approve transactions before they are processed.
In this article, we will examine how the Ethereum 2/3 multisig scheme can be implemented using Schnorr signatures. We will also discuss the limitations of the current implementation and how it could be improved in the future.
Understanding Schnorr Signatures
Schnorr signatures are digital signatures that allow transactions to be signed efficiently and securely on the Ethereum network. They were introduced by Joel Coletti in 2014 as an alternative to traditional ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm)-based signature schemes.
The key features of Schnorr signatures are as follows:
- Efficient: Schnorr signatures use less computational power than ECDSA-based schemes, making them more efficient for large transactions.
- Secure: Schnorr signatures provide strong protection against black-box and white-box attacks.
- Flexible: Schnorr signatures can be used in a wide range of scenarios, including multisig transactions.
2/3 Multisig Scheme on Ethereum
A 2/3 multisig scheme is a type of multisig transaction where two parties (the signatories) must agree on the validity and content of the transaction before it can be processed. The third signator is not required to participate in the validation process.
Here is an outline of how this scheme can be implemented on Ethereum:
- Node Setup
: Each node must have a private key that will serve as the first signator.
- Transaction Creation: A multisig transaction is created by specifying two signatories (the first and second signatories) who must agree on the validity of the transaction.
- Verification: Each participant verifies the transaction with their respective private keys.
- Verification: If all three signatories agree that the transaction is valid, it can be processed.
Implementation Details
To implement a 2-out-of-3 multisig scheme with Schnorr signatures on Ethereum, you need to do the following:
- Create a new node configuration for each participant (the first signer and the second signer).
- Create a Schnorr signature using the
eth_signcommand that can be used to validate the transaction.
- Verify the transaction with each participant’s private key.
The resulting signed transaction contains the sender’s public address, the sender’s private key, and the recipient’s public address (if any).
// Create a new node configuration for the first signer
const firstSigner = request('ethers')..utils.fromRawTransaction(
'0x...first signer's private key...'
);
// Verify the transaction with the first signer's private key
const verifyFirstSigner = firstSigner.verifyTransaction(
"0x...transaction data...",
{
sender: firstSigner.address,
to address: '0x...recipient address...',
}
);
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// Create a new node configuration for the second signer
const secondSigner = request(‘ethers’).utils.fromRawTransaction(
‘0x…second signer’s private key…’
);
// Verify the transaction with the second signer’s private key
const verifySecondSigner = secondSigner.verifyTransaction(
“0x…transaction data…”,
{
sender: secondSigner.address,
recipient: ‘0x…recipient address…
